U1: 1 Although sustained sibling rivalry can result in behavioral problems and issues with relationship-building later in life, milder forms have been shown to have a beneficial impact on development in childhood.

2 Confirmation bias is the tendency of people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses.

3 We all have the potential for stubborn tendencies, but in people with a strong fear of change, stubbornness can become a dominant pattern.

4 The view of self in a profession consists of beliefs, values, motives, and experiences, which are used to define and guide individual growth and practice.

1 The scope of the study was broad: it took into account such variables as age, gender, hours per week spent online, and years of online use.

2 I was surprised by the outcome of the study, which suggested that the majority of people exaggerated information about themselves, held information back, and in some cases, even posted information that wasn't true.

3 People may procrastinate when they are confused by the complexity of a task or when they 're overly distracted or fatigued.

4 Each person's experience is different, but over the course of the lifespan, self-esteem seems to rise and fall in predictable, systematic ways.

1 Wabi-sabi is an Eastern philosophy that refers to the ability to see the beauty in imperfections, which manifests(显现，显露) itself both in daily life activity as making home pottery, and in spiritual experience of opening up inner visions that can change a life.

2 Xieyi (写意) is a looser style of Chinese painting, usually used in landscapes, featuring exaggerated forms and expressing the artist's personality and character.

3 Originating in China, the earliest porcelains (瓷器) used a special type of clay and a type of granite (花岗岩) while early European versions used clay and glass.

4 The Japanese art of kintsugi teaches that broken objects are not something to hide but to display with pride because the value of pottery is actually enhanced thanks to its “scars."

1 The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ability to work efficiently and effectively, especially to do tasks that are difficult for humans such as lifting thick planks or pushing heavy things.

2 Although they did not intend to harm the local traditions, what happened in effect was the disappearance of traditional craftsmanship.

3 Keeping on good terms with local people will help the company to survive overseas.

4 Whether acquired by trade or by gift, these handcrafts were treasured throughout the Middle Ages (中世纪) as marvels of imaginative craftsmanship and were often imitated.

U3:

1 Most people with healthy immunity (免疫力) are not easily affected by bacteria on the skin, but people with a weakened immune system are more at risk.

2 Globally healthcare professionals are convinced that technologies like personal health monitoring devices will play a vital role in creating a positive healthcare future.

3 Notably, early risk detection on the outbreak of the infectious disease will help to impose timely and effective public health measures to prevent its spread.

4 Medical researchers proposed a new disease category of skin disorders.

5 Further analysis revealed significant differences between the control group and the treatment group.

1 Carrying excess weight has an adverse consequence for one 's health and increases the risk of health problems.

2 The main objectives of this reform were to reduce health expenditure for patients, and improve the quality of hospital services.

3 It is estimated that by 2050, there will be nearly 13.8 million Americans age 65 and older that will suffer from Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默病).

4 The government funded a new media campaign to raise people 's awareness and concern about autism (自闭症).

U4:

1 Early childhood educators face huge challenges when they work with children and families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

2 Strong government commitment and leadership are needed to enforce effective measures to protect cultural heritage from multiple threats.

3 Linguists studied approximately 37,000 words across five different languages (English, Spanish, Dutch, German, and Polish) to figure out the connection between the sounds that were pronounced and the emotions that were expressed in all five languages.

4 In a flipped (翻转的) class, the traditional teaching process is reversed with class time dedicated to discussion-based activities, whereas learners construct their own knowledge outside of the classroom.

5 Experiences of discrimination can trigger negative emotions that can lead to altered physiological reactions, which can increase the risk of poor health.

1 Ongoing urbanization has the potential to exacerbate bee declines, unless measures are taken to make sure appropriate floral (花卉的) resources are available.

持续的城市化有可能会加剧蜜蜂数量减少的问题，除非采取措施确保有可用的花卉资源。 3 Some species lack the traits needed to achieve dominance across a range of habitats at all which would make them intrinsically subordinate (从属的).

4 Thanks to the Chinese government s national conservation program for the giant panda and its habitat, the number of panda reserves has already drastically increased.

U5:

1 Regulations are made after taking into consideration the whole public at large, and so they must be followed by them. Violation of any regulation may cause severe punishment.

2 Management defines the framework for how organizational culture affects employees, customers and how an organization deals with ethical issues.

3 Nowadays, multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon to maintain international peace and security.

4 While we are mindlessly posting our lives online, our data is shared, traded, and used by tech companies, which creates growing controversial issues concerning the ethics of digital data collection.

1 What might hinder a company's development are not necessarily those illegal acts of company employees, but misdemeanors sometimes happening without being noticed.

2 Individuals or entities being convicted (判定...有罪) of evading taxes could be punished with substantial penalties which might include fines and a sentence of months or even up to years.

3 Scholars have defined a corporate moral code as a set of standards used to guide the behavior of both employees and the company.

4 Some people treat rewards as the most powerful motivators that help in regulating one 's behavior and emotions in the workplace.

U6:

1 The use of biodegradable plastics that can break down naturally can reduce the accumulation of environmentally persistent plastic wastes.

2 Smaller, lighter, and nimbler (更灵活的) than its predecessors, the newly designed robotic arm can be programmed to perform a wide variety of tasks with great accuracy.

3 When new technologies reach a mature stage at which they can be used for business, they have the potential to rapidly change the economic landscape far beyond what could have been expected at the infancy stage of innovation.

4 The flying car concept, which existed only in the realms of science fiction, is to become a reality in the not-too-distant future and revolutionize urban transportation and parcel delivery services.

1 The study investigated 10 companies to assess the effectiveness of their digital business models and suggested ways to improve digitalized operations based on the results.

2 A potential problem could be that stagnant regulations are unable to keep pace with the digital forms of direct-to-consumer advertising.

3 We have collected and analyzed data from over 1,000 large companies all over the world, and identified five types of jobs that would be eliminated by the increased use of AL.

4 Consumers' evaluation of softness, size, or fit of clothes before making their purchases is much easier in physical stores than online.